Study Herodotus' Histories Book 1

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ἀγαθός, –ή, όν
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  • ἀγαθός, –ή, όν: good, brave, capable
  • ἄγγελος, ὁ: messenger, envoy
  • ἄγω: to lead, to bring, to carry, to convey
  • Αἰολεύς, –έος, ὁ: Aeolian
  • αἱρέω: to seize, take; mid. choose
  • ἀκούω: to hear, listen to
  • ἁλίσκομαι: to be taken, be caught
  • ἀλλά: but
  • ἀλλήλους, –ας, α: one another
  • ἄλλος, –η, –ο: other, one...another
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  • Ἀλυάττης, ὁ: Alyattes
  • ἅμα: at once, at the same time; along with (dat)
  • ἀμείβομαι: to answer, make return; exchange
  • ἀμφότερος, –η, ον: each of two, both
  • ἄν: modal adv. (‘ever’)
  • ἀνά–θημα, –ατος, τό: votive offering
  • ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός, ὁ: a man; husband
  • ἄνθρωπος, ὁ: human being, human, man
  • ἄνω: up, above
  • ἀπ–ικνέομαι: to come, arrive
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  • ἀπ–ίστημι: to make revolt; remove
  • ἀπ–όλλυμι: to lose, destroy, kill, ruin
  • ἅπας, ἅπασα, ἅπαν: every, quite all,
  • ἀπό: from, away from (+ gen.)
  • ἀπο–δείκνυμι: demonstrate, exhibit, produce
  • Ἀργεῖος, –η, ον: Argive, of or from Argos (Greece)
  • Ἅρπαγος, ὁ: Harpagus
  • ἀρχή, ἡ: a beginning; rule, office
  • ἄρχω: to begin; to rule, be leader of
  • Ἀσίη, ἡ: Asia
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  • Ασσύριος, –η, –ον: Assyrian,
  • ἄστυ, τὸ: a city, town
  • Ἀστυάγης, ὁ: Astyages
  • αὐτίκα: straightway, at once; presently
  • αὐτός, –ή, –ό: -self; he, she, it; the same
  • αὐτοῦ: at the very place, here, there
  • Βαβυλών, ἡ: Babylon
  • Βαβυλώνιος, –η, ον: Babylonian
  • βασιλεύς, ὁ: a king, chief
  • βασιλεύω: to rule, be king
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  • βασιλεύω: to rule, be king
  • βασιληίη, –ης, ἡ: kingship, rule; kingdom
  • βασιλήιος, ον: royal, kingly
  • βου–κόλος, ὁ: cowherd, herdsman
  • βουλεύω: deliberate, take counsel
  • βούλομαι: to wish, be willing, desire
  • γάρ: for, since
  • γε: at least, at any rate; indeed
  • γῆ, ἡ: earth
  • γίνομαι: come to be, become; happen
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  • γνώμη, ἡ: mind, opinion, intention, purpose
  • Γύγης, ὁ: Gyges
  • γυνή, γυναικός, ἡ: a woman, wife
  • δέ: but, and, on the other hand
  • δεῖ: it is necessary, must, ought; it is right, (+ inf.)
  • Δελφοί, –ῶν, οἱ: Delphi; the Delphians
  • δεύτερος, –η, ον: second; next
  • δέω 9δέομαι0: to lack; mid. want, need, ask
  • δή: indeed, surely, really, certainly, just
  • διά: through (gen.) on account of, because of (acc.)
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  • δια–φθείρω: to destroy, corrupt, kill
  • δίδωμι: give, offer, grant, provide
  • δίκη, ἡ: justice, reparation, penalty; lawsuit, trial
  • δοκέω: seem, seem best, think, imagine
  • ἐάν: εἰ ἄν, if (contracted as ἤν)
  • ἐάω: to permit, allow, let be, suffer
  • ἐγώ: I
  • ἐθέλω: to be willing, wish, desire
  • ἔθνος, –εος, τό: race, people, tribe
  • εἰ: if, whether
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  • εἶδον: saw, beheld, (aor. of ὁράω)
  • εἶμι: will go, will come, (fut. of ἔρχομαι)
  • εἰμί, ἔσομαι: to be, exist
  • εἵνεκα: for the sake of, because of, for (gen.)
  • εἶπον: said, spoke (aor. λέγω, φημί)
  • εἴρομαι: to ask, inquire, question (usually aor., Att. pres. ἐρωτάω)
  • εἷς, μία, ἕν: one, single, alone
  • ἐκ–δίδωμι: give up, surrender, render
  • ἐκ, ἐξ: out of, from (gen.)
  • ἕκαστος, –η, –ον: each, every one
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  • ἐκεῖνος, –η, ον: that, those
  • ἐλαύνω: to march, drive, set in motion
  • Ἕλλην, Ἕλληνος, ὁ: Greek
  • ἐμός, –ή, –όν: my, mine
  • ἐν: in, on, among (dat.)
  • ἐν–τέλλομαι: to command, enjoin
  • ἔνθα: where; there
  • ἐνθαῦτα: here, hither, there, thither, then, (Att. ἐνταῦθἀ)
  • ἐνθεῦτεν: hence, thence; thereupon (Att. ἐντεῦθεν )
  • ἐπ–ειρωτάω: ask, inquire of
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  • ἐπεάν: whenever
  • ἐπεί: when, after, since, because (also ἐπείτε, ἐπειδή)
  • ἐπί: near, at (gen.), to, toward (acc), near, at (dat.)
  • ἔργον, τό: work, task, deed, act
  • ἐρέω: will say, will speak, (fut. of λέγω, pf. εἴρημαι)
  • ἔρχομαι: to come or go
  • ἐς: into, to, in regard to (acc.)
  • ἕτερος, –η, ον: one of two, other, different
  • ἔτι: still, besides, further
  • ἔτος, –εως, τό: a year
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  • ἔτος, –εως, τό: a year
  • εὖ: well
  • εὑρίσκω: to find, discover, devise, invent
  • ἔχω: to have, hold, possess; be able; be disposed
  • ἑωυτοῦ, –ῆς, οῦ: himself, herself, itself, themselves
  • ἤ: or (either...or); than
  • ἡμέρη, ἡ: day, daylight, dawn
  • θάλασσα, ἡ: sea
  • θεός, ὁ: a god, divinity
  • θηέομαι: to see, watch, look at; consider (Att. θεάομαι)
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  • θυγάτηρ, ἡ: a daughter
  • θύω: to sacrifice
  • ἵνα: in order that (subj.); where (ind.)
  • ἵππος, ὁ: a horse
  • ἱρός, –ή, –όν: holy, divine; neut. temple (Att. ἱερός)
  • ἵστημι: make stand, set up, stop, establish
  • Ἴωνες, οἱ: Ionian
  • Ἰωνίη, ἡ: Ionia
  • καί: and, also, even, too
  • κακός, –ή, –όν: bad, base, cowardly, evil
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  • καλέω: to call, summon, invite
  • καλός, –ή, –όν: beautiful, fair, noble, fine
  • Κᾶρες, οἱ: Carians
  • κάρτα: very, very much, strongly
  • κατ–ίστημι: set down; appoint, establish
  • κατά: down from (gen.), down (along); concerning (acc.)
  • κατα–στρέφω: upset, overturn; mid subdue
  • κεῖμαι: to lie (down); be assigned, be established (equiv. to pass. τίθημι)
  • κελεύω: bid, order, exhort
  • κῆρυξ, κήρυκος ὁ: messenger, herald; auctioneer
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  • Κροῖσος, ὁ: Croesus, King of the Lydians
  • Κῦρος, –εος, ὁ: Cyrus
  • Λακεδαιμόνιος, –η, –ον: Lacedaemonian, Spartan
  • λαμβάνω: to take, receive, catch, grasp
  • λέγω: to say, speak, (fut. is often ἐρέω)
  • λόγος, ὁ: word, speech, discourse, argument
  • Λυδός, –ή, –όν: Lydian, of Lydia
  • Λυδός, –ή, –όν: Lydian, of Lydia
  • μακρός, –ή, όν: long, far, distant, large
  • μάλιστα: most of all; certainly, especially
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  • μᾶλλον: more, rather
  • μανθάνω: to learn, understand
  • Μασσαγέται, οἱ: Massagetae
  • μάχη, ἡ: battle, fight, combat
  • μάχομαι: to fight, contend, quarrel, dispute
  • μέλλω: to be about to, to intend to
  • μέν: on the one hand
  • μέντοι: however, nevertheless; certainly
  • μέσος, – η, –ον: middle, in the middle of
  • μετά: with (+ gen.); after (+ acc.)
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  • μή: not, lest
  • Μῆδος, ὁ: Mede, Median
  • Μιλήσιος ή, όν: Milesian; ἡ Μιλησίη, Milesia
  • Μιλήσιος ή, όν: ἡ Μιλησίη
  • μιν: himself, her-, it-, one-; acc. sg. equiv. to αὐτόν, ήν (dat. sg. see οἱ)
  • μοῦνος, –η, –ον: alone, only, solitary
  • νηός, ὁ: temple
  • νῆσος, ἡ: an island
  • νηῦς, νηός, ἡ: a ship, boat
  • νικάω: to conquer, defeat, win
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  • νομίζω: believe, consider, deem, hold
  • νόμος, ὁ: law, custom; tune
  • νῦν: now; as it is
  • ξεῖνος, ὁ: guest, foreigner, stranger
  • ὁ, ἡ, τό: the; he, she, it
  • ὅδε, ἥδε, τόδε: this, this here
  • ὁδός, ἡ: road, way, path, journey
  • οἱ 9αξξ. μιν0: to or for him(self), her(self), it(self); dat. sg., equiv. to αὐτῷ, -ῇ
  • οἶδα: to know (pf. with pres. sense)
  • οἰκέω: to inhabit, dwell, live
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  • οἰκίη, ἡ: a house, home, dwelling
  • οἷος, –η, –ον: of what sort, as
  • ὅκως: how, in what way; in order that, that
  • ὅμοιος, –η, –ον: like, resembling, similar; adv likewise
  • ὅμοιος, –η, –ον: like, resembling, similar; adv likewise
  • ὄνειρος, τό: a dream
  • ὀπίσω: backwards, back, back again
  • ὁράω: see, look, behold
  • ὁρμάω: to set out, begin; set in motion, urge
  • ὄρος, –εος, τό: a mountain, hill
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  • ὀρύσσω: to dig, dig through, quarry
  • ὅς, ἥ, ὅ: who, which, that
  • ὅσος, –η, –ον: as much as, as many as; all who, all that
  • ὅστις, ἥτις, ὅ τι: whoever, whichever, whatever
  • ὅτι: that; because
  • οὐ–δέ: and not, but not, nor, not even
  • οὔ–τε: and not, neither...nor
  • οὐ, οὐκ, οὐχ: not
  • οὐδαμός, –ή, όν: not even one, no one
  • οὔνομα, –ατος, τό: name
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  • οὗτος, αὕτη, τοῦτο: this, these
  • οὕτως: in this way, thus, so
  • παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ: a child, boy, girl; slave
  • παῖς, παιδός, ὁ, ἡ: a child, boy, girl; slave
  • Πακτύης, ὁ: Pactyes
  • πάρ–ειμι: to be near, be present, be at hand
  • παρά: from the side of (gen), at the side of (dat), to the side of (acc)
  • πᾶς, πᾶσα, πᾶν: every, all, the whole
  • πατήρ, ὁ: a father
  • πεδίον, τό: plain, flat land
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  • πείθω: persuade, trust; mid. obey
  • πειράομαι: attempt, make trial of
  • Πεισίστρατος, ὁ: Pisistratus
  • πέμπω: to send, conduct, convey
  • πέντε: five
  • πέρ: just; all, however, though
  • περί: around, about, concerning
  • περί: around, about, concerning
  • Πέρσης, –ου, ὁ: a Persian
  • πλέω: to sail
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  • πλέων, πλέον: more, greater, larger
  • πλοῖον τό: ship, vessel
  • ποιέω: do, make; mid. consider
  • πόλεμος, ὁ: battle, fight, war
  • πόλις, ἡ: a city
  • πολύς, πολλά, πολύ: much, many
  • ποταμός, ὁ: river, stream
  • πρῆγμα, τό: deed, act; matter, affair, trouble
  • πρίν: until, before
  • πρός: to, towards (acc.), near, in addition to (dat.)
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  • πρότερος, –η, ον: before, in front of; earlier
  • πρῶτος, –η, ον: first, earliest
  • Πυθίη, ἡ: Pythia, priestess of Apollo
  • πυνθάνομαι: to learn by inquiry, learn by hearsay
  • ῥέω: flow, run, stream
  • Σάρδις, ίων, αἱ: Sardis, capital city of Lydia
  • Σκύθης, ὁ: Scythian
  • σός, –ή, –όν: your, yours
  • στρατεύω: to wage war, campaign against
  • στρατίη, ἡ: an army, expedition, land force
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  • στρατός, τό: army, encamped army
  • σύ: you
  • σφεῖς, σφέων, σφέας, σφι 9σφίσι0: they, equiv. to αὐτοὺς, -άς
  • ταύτῃ: in this respect, in this way, so, thus
  • τάχιστος, –η, –ον: very swift, very fast; τάχιστα, very quickly
  • ταχύς, εῖα, ύ: quick, swift, hastily
  • τε: and, both
  • τεῖχος, –εος τό: wall, citywall
  • τελευτάω: end, complete, finish; die
  • τῇ: here, there
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  • τίθημι: to set, put, place, arrange
  • τίς, τί 9τις, τι0: who? which?; anyone, something
  • τοιόσδε, –άδε, όνδε: such
  • τότε: at that time, then
  • τρόπος, ὁ: way, manner, course, direction
  • τυγχάνω: chance upon, get; meet with; happen
  • ὑπό: by, because of, from (gen.), under (dat.)
  • φαίνω: show; mid. appear, seem
  • φέρω: to bear, carry, bring, convey
  • φεύγω: to flee, escape; defend in court
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  • φημί: to say, claim, assert
  • φίλος, –η, –ον: dear, beloved; subst. friend, kin
  • φυλάσσω: keep watch, guard
  • χράομαι: use, employ, engage in (dat.)
  • χράω: to proclaim or direct by oracle
  • χρῆμα, –ατος, τό: money, goods
  • χρηστήριον, τό: an oracle
  • χρόνος, ὁ: time
  • χρύσεος, –η, ον: golden
  • χρυσός, ὁ: gold
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  • χωρέω: go, come; have room for
  • χώρη, ἡ: land, region, area, place
  • χῶρος, ὁ: ground, place, land
  • ὦ: O! oh!
  • ὧδε: in this way, so, thus
  • ὦν: and so, then; at all events (Ion. for οὖν)
  • ὡς: as, thus, so, that; when, since
  • ὥστε: so that, that, so as to